Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse (CPEN) Practice Exam

In a severe asthma exacerbation, the first medication administered is a short-acting beta-agonist, such as albuterol. This choice is crucial because short-acting beta-agonists provide rapid bronchodilation by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the airway smooth muscle. This quick action helps to relieve acute bronchospasm and improve airflow in the lungs when a child is experiencing an asthma attack.

Prompt intervention with a short-acting beta-agonist is essential in the management of an asthma exacerbation, as it can significantly alleviate symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. These medications are usually delivered via nebulization or metered-dose inhalers and can act within minutes, making them the first line of treatment in an acute setting.

In contrast, long-acting beta agonists, corticosteroids, and oral antihistamines have different roles in asthma management. Long-acting beta agonists are used for maintenance therapy rather than immediate relief. Corticosteroids are crucial in managing inflammation but take some time to have an effect and are used for long-term control. Oral antihistamines address allergy symptoms but do not specifically target the bronchial smooth muscle or acute asthma exacerbations.